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In the diagnostic laboratory virus infections are confirmed by several methods that include: *Growth of the virus in a cell culture from a specimen taken from the patient. *Detection of virus-specific antibodies in the blood. *Detection of virus antigens *Detection of virus nucleic acids *Gene sequencing to characterise viral strains *Observation of virus particles by electron microscopy. *Hemagglutination assay Diagnostic virology has changed rapidly due to the advent of molecular techniques and increased clinical sensitivity of serological assays. ==Sampling== A wide variety of samples can be used for virological testing. The type of sample sent to the laboratory often depends on the type of viral infection being diagnosed and the test required. Blood is used for serological testing for antibody and antigen detection in a variety of different infections as well as monitoring viraemias. Sputum, gargles and bronchial washings are used to detect respiratory viruses such as Influenza. Faeces are usually sent to determine the presence of viral gastroenteritis agents. Other samples include swabs (usually in viral transport medium), cerebrospinal fluid, biopsies and post mortem tissues, dried blood spots and others. Proper sampling technique is essential to avoid potential pre-analytical errors. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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